Neo-Whatever

October 1, 2010

Until recently, I’d never heard of neo-Confucianism.  

My first thought was, “Is this some sort of twisted form of neo-Nazism or neo-conservatism that the West imported to China?”

Freedom to the extreme is the American way. In fact, most Americans may not realize that there is a Nationalist Socialist Movement (Nazis) in America that worships Hitler and annually gathers to protest.


An American Nazi

At this point, you may be having images of Nazi storm troopers invading France and Russia or Hitler promoting terrorism while gassing Jews by the millions in concentration camps.

To learn more about this American homegrown fascist group see Nazis Exposed.

Then there are America’s neo-conservatives. These people want to export America’s current form of democracy and commercialism to the world using the U.S. military along with bullets and missiles. They brought us the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

The good news is that there is nothing to worry about. Neo-Confucianism is not a radical threat to freedom leading to wars and concentration camps.

Leiden University says, “The rise and development of neo-Confucianism is the most important intellectual phenomena in China in the last millennium.”

Neo-Confucianism developed during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and still represents the core of ethics and attitudes toward life and even worldviews for modern Chinese in many fundamental ways.

Unlike the American neo-Nazis and American neo-conservatives, who are so much into violence and hate, Chinese neo-Confucianism is into keeping a good balance between the practical and the ideal, the secular and the holy.

See The Life of Confucius

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Lloyd Lofthouse is the award-winning author of the concubine saga, My Splendid Concubine & Our Hart. When you love a Chinese woman, you marry her family and culture too. 

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SONG DYNASTY (960 – 1279 AD) – Part 6/6

September 30, 2010

Movable type printing became widespread in the Song Dynasty and played an important role in the cultural development of the time.

The shape of books also changed. During the Tang Dynasty, books were rolled. However, with movable type, books were printed in volumes similar to modern books.

Han Qi, a research fellow for today’s Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that the development of Neo-Confucianism during the Song Dynasty was due to the widespread availability of printed books.

Printed book also promoted the development of science, technology and education.

During the Song Dynasty, both private and public school developed quickly. About 300 schools focused on education, teaching and book printing.

Some schools had math and physics departments.

This was also the age of the scholar-bureaucrat. A scholar from an impoverished background could become a member of the higher-social class through imperial examinations.

China was also the first country to introduce bronze-block printing for advertisements.

It is widely believed that without government support for the sciences, it would have been difficult to achieve the progress that took place at this time.

Return to Song Dynasty – Part 5

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Lloyd Lofthouse is the award-winning author of the concubine saga, My Splendid Concubine & Our Hart. When you love a Chinese woman, you marry her family and culture too. 

If you want to subscribe to iLook China, there is a “Subscribe” button at the top of the screen in the menu bar


SONG DYNASTY (960 – 1279 AD) – Part 5/6

September 29, 2010

Porcelain from China during the Song Dynasty made China famous.

The invention of movable type also helped make China famous. The “Dream Pool Essays” by Shen Kuo records most of the scientific achievements of the time, which included knowledge of petroleum and geological changes. The most important achievement recorded in the ancient encyclopedia was the invention of movable type by Bi Sheng.

The entire process used in movable type printing was described in detail.

The first printed characters were engraved in tiny cubes of baked clay.

The age of paper in the history of human civilization began in China.

Papermaking had been developed during the Han Dynasty about 2,000 years ago. However, the quality of this paper wasn’t that good and was not ideal for writing.

Later, papermaking techniques were improved to a high level during the Song Dynasty.

Then Song era books were printed in large numbers. Even today, Song Dynasty books tell the world about the innovations and achievements of this era. At the time, Hangzhou was the greatest printing center in the world.

Return to Song Dynasty – Part 4

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Lloyd Lofthouse is the award-winning author of the concubine saga, My Splendid Concubine & Our Hart. When you love a Chinese woman, you marry her family and culture too. 

If you want to subscribe to iLook China, there is a “Subscribe” button at the top of the screen in the menu bar


SONG DYNASTY (960 – 1279 AD) – Part 4/6

September 28, 2010

Under the sands of a beach in the city of Quanzhou City in Fujian Province, a well preserved secret was discovered–a boat built during the Song Dynasty.

It is the oldest, fully intact wooden boat unearthed in the world with a load capacity of 200 tons.

It was not the largest boat constructed during that time. The largest had a load capacity of more than 1,000 tons.

Experts say the construction of these ships with hermetic compartments made safe navigation possible and these methods that were developed a millinea ago are still used today in modern ship construction.

During the Song Dynasty, the trading port of Quanzhou was considered one of the two largest in the world. Egypt’s Alexandria was the other one.

As an important seaport for trade at one end of the Maritime Silk Road, Quanzhou had close ties with Korea and Japan in the east and as far as  northeast Africa in the west.

At the time, the Indian Ocean was called the Western Seas, which explains the story of Zheng He’s Voyage to the Western Seas” in the Ming Dynasty.

There were two major kinds of trade goods–silk and porcelain. Some scholars say that porcelain should be considered the fifth great Chinese invention.

Return to Song Dynasty – Part 3

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Lloyd Lofthouse is the award-winning author of the concubine saga, My Splendid Concubine & Our Hart. When you love a Chinese woman, you marry her family and culture too. 

If you want to subscribe to iLook China, there is a “Subscribe” button at the top of the screen in the menu bar.


SONG DYNASTY (960 – 1279 AD) – Part 3/6

September 28, 2010

Agricultural science during the Song Dynasty fertilized land that was not suitable for growing crops.

Then two or three annual harvests were possible leading to a green revolution, which supported the population of China to exceed one-hundred million—at that time the largest population in the world.

One scientist discovered that petroleum made better ink for writing and predicted that petroleum would be used greatly in the future.

Although China’s four greatest inventions came long before then, it wasn’t until the Song Dynasty that papermaking, the large-scale application of printing, the compass and gunpowder made their mark.

In fact, the German inventor Johannes Gutenberg wouldn’t invent his printing press until 1440 AD.

Before the Song Dynasty, the primitive compass invented centuries earlier was not accurate.

However, the compass was improved for navigation making it less likely for ships get lost at sea and allowed ships to travel farther from China.

To preserve these innovations, Shen Kuo published his Dream Pool Essays in 1088 AD, a huge encyclopedic book that covered a wide range of subjects, including literature, art, military strategy, mathematics, astronomy, meteorology, geology, geography, metallurgy, engineering, hydraulics, architecture, zoology, botany, agronomy, medicine, anthropology, archeology, etc.

Return to Song Dynasty – Part 2

______________

Lloyd Lofthouse is the award-winning author of the concubine saga, My Splendid Concubine & Our Hart. When you love a Chinese woman, you marry her family and culture too. 

If you want to subscribe to iLook China, there is a “Subscribe” button at the top of the screen in the menu bar.